Frost dates for Rio Rancho, New Mexico
In Rio Rancho, half of springs have had their last frost by April 8 (and 1 spring in 10 still has one after April 28), and half of falls have had their first frost by November 1, leaving about 203 frost-free days in a typical year. Here is how sure those dates are, what they mean for planting, and where they come from.
Frost dates for
Rio Rancho, New Mexico
Last spring frost
April 8
Half of springs have their last frost by this date. For a safer bet, wait until April 28: only 1 spring in 10 has a frost after that.
First fall frost
November 1
Half of falls have their first frost by this date. In 1 fall in 10 it comes by October 20.
Growing season
203 days
Frost-free days in a typical year. 9 years in 10 get at least 184.
Hardiness zone
7b
2023 USDA map: the coldest night of winter averages 5°F to 10°F. It was 7b on the 2012 map too. All 4 ZIP codes within about 6 miles of the city's center are in zone 7b.
Stations near you disagree. NOAA's Rio Rancho #2 (4 miles away, at 5,290 feet above sea level), the one we used, gives a typical last frost of April 8 and a typical first frost of November 1. NOAA's Corrales (6 miles away, at 5,030 feet above sea level) gives a typical last frost of April 25 and a typical first frost of October 17. So the typical last frost could fall anywhere from April 8 to 25 and the typical first frost from October 17 to November 1, depending on whether your garden is more like one or the other. Local terrain matters: hillsides, valley floors, water and city heat can change frost dates a lot over a few miles. Treat the dates here as a starting point, and compare with a nearby gardener or your county extension office.
Print a year planner for Rio Rancho
Frost risk through the year
How sure are these dates?
A frost date is a probability, not a promise. NOAA worked out, from 30 years of nightly lows, how often the last spring frost and the first fall frost fall on each date. The middle column is the typical year. The outer columns are the early and late years that come about once a decade.
| Early year 1 in 10 | Typical year 1 in 2 | Late year 1 in 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last frost in spring | March 24 | April 8 | April 28 |
| First frost in fall | October 20 | November 1 | November 12 |
The frost-free season between them runs 203 days in a typical year. In 1 year in 10 it is 222 days or longer, and in 1 year in 10 it is 184 days or shorter.
- Hard freeze (28°F): typically last on March 20 and first on November 9. It is a harder freeze than the 32°F frost line, cold enough to damage many garden plants; how hardy a crop is decides whether it comes through. (The National Weather Service's own hard-freeze threshold varies from office to office.)
- Frost possible (36°F at the station): typically last on April 26 and first on October 22. On clear, still nights the ground can be several degrees colder than the thermometer, so frost can form on plants when the official reading is in the mid-30s.
In 8 springs out of 10, the last frost in Rio Rancho comes between March 24 and April 28, a window of 35 days. That is wider than at most NOAA stations (the typical window is 31 days), so spring here is less predictable than average: lean toward the later date.
Among New Mexico's 175 NOAA stations with a frost every year, 83 percent have their typical last frost later than Rio Rancho does.
Planting calendar for Rio Rancho
These dates count from the typical last and first frosts, using the planting rules published by Colorado State University Extension (spring), Virginia Cooperative Extension (fall crops) and University of Minnesota Extension (garlic, where winters are hard). Weather in any one year can run early or late, so check the forecast before you plant tender crops.
| When | What to do | Why then |
|---|---|---|
| January | ||
| January 21 to February 18 | Broccoli and cabbage Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting them out |
| February | ||
| February 4 to March 4 | Cauliflower Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| February 18 to March 11 | Eggplant Start seeds indoors | 6 to 9 weeks before planting out |
| February 25 to March 11 | Peppers Start seeds indoors | 6 to 8 weeks before planting out |
| March | ||
| March 4 to 18 | Tomatoes Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| March 11 to 25 | Peas, spinach, lettuce, radishes, onion sets, turnips Sow outdoors, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| March 11 to 25 | Broccoli and cabbage Plant out, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| March 25 to April 8 | Beets, carrots, potatoes, Swiss chard Plant outdoors, as early as | semi-hardy crops: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| March 25 to April 8 | Cauliflower Plant out, as early as | semi-hardy: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| April | ||
| April 8 | Snap beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, summer squash Sow outdoors around | tender crops: around the typical last frost date |
| April 22 | Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant Plant out from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| April 22 | Melons, winter squash, pumpkins, lima beans Sow outdoors from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| June | ||
| June 6 to 20 | Cabbage for fall Start seeds | set the plants out by July 25 |
| June 26 to July 10 | Broccoli for fall Start seeds | set the plants out by August 14 |
| August | ||
| August 5 | Snap beans for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| August 9 | Carrots for fall Last date to sow | 70 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| August 10 | Cucumbers for fall Last date to sow | 55 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| August 14 | Peas for fall Last date to sow | 65 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| August 15 | Summer squash for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| August 19 | Leaf lettuce and beets for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| August 29 | Turnips and kohlrabi for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September | ||
| September 8 | Spinach for fall Last date to sow | 40 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September 18 | Radishes for fall Last date to sow | 30 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| October | ||
| October 20 | Tomatoes, peppers, squash, melons, cucumbers Watch the forecast from | in 1 fall in 10 the first frost comes by this date; pick tender crops before a frost |
| November | ||
| November 16 to 23 | Garlic Plant cloves | one or two weeks after the typical first hard freeze (28°F), our reading of the first killing frost |
Want more insurance? Shift every spring date 20 days later. That plans around April 28, the date after which only 1 spring in 10 has a frost.
For spring bulbs such as tulips and daffodils, plant once the soil has cooled to about 50 to 55°F and keep going until a couple of weeks before the ground freezes. Our guide to fall planting explains how to tell.
Where these numbers come from
These dates come from NOAA's weather station Rio Rancho #2 (station USC00297481), 4 miles from the center of Rio Rancho. It sits 230 feet lower, at 5,290 feet above sea level. NOAA rates this station's record as representative: at least 10 of the 30 years, with the gaps filled from nearby stations.
Our ZIP code lookup matches these 3 ZIP codes to the same station, so they get the same dates: 87109, 87113, 87124. Hardiness zones are worked out separately for each ZIP code.
Nearby places
- Albuquerque, New Mexico: last frost around April 18, first frost around October 24 (15 miles away)
See frost dates across New Mexico, or look up your own ZIP code for the station nearest you. Want the background? Read what a last frost date really means.