Frost dates for Springfield, Massachusetts
In Springfield, half of springs have had their last frost by May 3 (and 1 spring in 10 still has one after May 17), and half of falls have had their first frost by October 8, leaving about 158 frost-free days in a typical year. Here is how sure those dates are, what they mean for planting, and where they come from.
Frost dates for
Springfield, Massachusetts
Last spring frost
May 3
Half of springs have their last frost by this date. For a safer bet, wait until May 17: only 1 spring in 10 has a frost after that.
First fall frost
October 8
Half of falls have their first frost by this date. In 1 fall in 10 it comes by September 26.
Growing season
158 days
Frost-free days in a typical year. 9 years in 10 get at least 139.
Hardiness zone
6a
2023 USDA map: the coldest night of winter averages −10°F to −5°F. It was 6a on the 2012 map too. ZIP codes within about 6 miles of the city's center: 10 in 6a and 9 in 6b.
Print a year planner for Springfield
Frost risk through the year
How sure are these dates?
A frost date is a probability, not a promise. NOAA worked out, from 30 years of nightly lows, how often the last spring frost and the first fall frost fall on each date. The middle column is the typical year. The outer columns are the early and late years that come about once a decade.
| Early year 1 in 10 | Typical year 1 in 2 | Late year 1 in 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last frost in spring | April 20 | May 3 | May 17 |
| First frost in fall | September 26 | October 8 | October 25 |
The frost-free season between them runs 158 days in a typical year. In 1 year in 10 it is 179 days or longer, and in 1 year in 10 it is 139 days or shorter.
- Hard freeze (28°F): typically last on April 21 and first on October 20. It is a harder freeze than the 32°F frost line, cold enough to damage many garden plants; how hardy a crop is decides whether it comes through. (The National Weather Service's own hard-freeze threshold varies from office to office.)
- Frost possible (36°F at the station): typically last on May 14 and first on September 30. On clear, still nights the ground can be several degrees colder than the thermometer, so frost can form on plants when the official reading is in the mid-30s.
In 8 springs out of 10, the last frost in Springfield comes between April 20 and May 17, a window of 27 days. That is narrower than at most NOAA stations (the typical window is 31 days), so the typical date is a steadier guide here than in most places.
Among Massachusetts's 69 NOAA stations with a frost every year, 19 percent have their typical last frost later than Springfield does.
Planting calendar for Springfield
These dates count from the typical last and first frosts, using the planting rules published by Colorado State University Extension (spring), Virginia Cooperative Extension (fall crops) and University of Minnesota Extension (garlic, where winters are hard). Weather in any one year can run early or late, so check the forecast before you plant tender crops.
Your season is too short for a separate fall planting of cabbage: sown late enough to be a fall crop, it wouldn't be ready before the typical first frost. Your spring planting is your harvest.
| When | What to do | Why then |
|---|---|---|
| February | ||
| February 15 to March 15 | Broccoli and cabbage Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting them out |
| March | ||
| March 1 to 29 | Cauliflower Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| March 15 to April 5 | Eggplant Start seeds indoors | 6 to 9 weeks before planting out |
| March 22 to April 5 | Peppers Start seeds indoors | 6 to 8 weeks before planting out |
| March 29 to April 12 | Tomatoes Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| April | ||
| April 5 to 19 | Peas, spinach, lettuce, radishes, onion sets, turnips Sow outdoors, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| April 5 to 19 | Broccoli and cabbage Plant out, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| April 19 to May 3 | Beets, carrots, potatoes, Swiss chard Plant outdoors, as early as | semi-hardy crops: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| April 19 to May 3 | Cauliflower Plant out, as early as | semi-hardy: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| May | ||
| May 3 | Snap beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, summer squash Sow outdoors around | tender crops: around the typical last frost date |
| May 17 | Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant Plant out from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| May 17 | Melons, winter squash, pumpkins, lima beans Sow outdoors from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| June | ||
| June 2 to 16 | Broccoli for fall Start seeds | set the plants out by July 21 |
| July | ||
| July 12 | Snap beans for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| July 16 | Carrots for fall Last date to sow | 70 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| July 17 | Cucumbers for fall Last date to sow | 55 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| July 21 | Peas for fall Last date to sow | 65 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| July 22 | Summer squash for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| July 26 | Leaf lettuce and beets for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| August | ||
| August 5 | Turnips and kohlrabi for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| August 15 | Spinach for fall Last date to sow | 40 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| August 25 | Radishes for fall Last date to sow | 30 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September | ||
| September 26 | Tomatoes, peppers, squash, melons, cucumbers Watch the forecast from | in 1 fall in 10 the first frost comes by this date; pick tender crops before a frost |
| October | ||
| October 27 to November 3 | Garlic Plant cloves | one or two weeks after the typical first hard freeze (28°F), our reading of the first killing frost |
Want more insurance? Shift every spring date 14 days later. That plans around May 17, the date after which only 1 spring in 10 has a frost.
For spring bulbs such as tulips and daffodils, plant once the soil has cooled to about 50 to 55°F and keep going until a couple of weeks before the ground freezes. Our guide to fall planting explains how to tell.
Where these numbers come from
These dates come from NOAA's weather station Westfield Barnes Municipal Airport (station USW00014775), 10 miles from the center of Springfield. It sits at about the same elevation, 270 feet above sea level. NOAA rates this station's record as representative: at least 10 of the 30 years, with the gaps filled from nearby stations.
The same station also gives the frost dates for Chicopee, Westfield, Holyoke, Northampton, West Springfield Town, Agawam Town and Easthampton.
Our ZIP code lookup matches these 22 ZIP codes to the same station, so they get the same dates: 01013, 01020, 01022, 01028, 01030, 01040, 01056, 01073, 01085, 01089, 01103, 01104, 01105, 01107, 01108, 01109, 01118, 01119, 01128, 01129, 01144, 01151. Hardiness zones are worked out separately for each ZIP code.
Nearby places
- Hartford, Connecticut: last frost around April 17, first frost around October 26 (25 miles away)
- Worcester, Massachusetts: last frost around April 23, first frost around October 21 (40 miles away)
- Waterbury, Connecticut: last frost around April 26, first frost around October 16 (45 miles away)
See frost dates across Massachusetts, or look up your own ZIP code for the station nearest you. Want the background? Read what a last frost date really means.