Frost dates for Columbus, Georgia
In Columbus, half of springs have had their last frost by March 5 (and 1 spring in 10 still has one after March 24), and half of falls have had their first frost by November 23, leaving about 265 frost-free days in a typical year. Here is how sure those dates are, what they mean for planting, and where they come from.
Frost dates for
Columbus, Georgia
Last spring frost
March 5
Half of springs have their last frost by this date. For a safer bet, wait until March 24: only 1 spring in 10 has a frost after that.
First fall frost
November 23
Half of falls have their first frost by this date. In 1 fall in 10 it comes by November 7.
Growing season
265 days
Frost-free days in a typical year. 9 years in 10 get at least 238.
Hardiness zone
8b
2023 USDA map: the coldest night of winter averages 15°F to 20°F. It was 8b on the 2012 map too. All 4 ZIP codes within about 6 miles of the city's center are in zone 8b.
Stations near you disagree. NOAA's Columbus Metro Airport (4 miles away, at 390 feet above sea level), the one we used, gives a typical last frost of March 5 and a typical first frost of November 23. NOAA's Columbus #2 (4 miles away, at 440 feet above sea level) gives a typical last frost of March 21 and a typical first frost of November 11. So the typical last frost could fall anywhere from March 5 to 21 and the typical first frost from November 11 to 23, depending on whether your garden is more like one or the other. Local terrain matters: hillsides, valley floors, water and city heat can change frost dates a lot over a few miles. Treat the dates here as a starting point, and compare with a nearby gardener or your county extension office.
Print a year planner for Columbus
Frost risk through the year
How sure are these dates?
A frost date is a probability, not a promise. NOAA worked out, from 30 years of nightly lows, how often the last spring frost and the first fall frost fall on each date. The middle column is the typical year. The outer columns are the early and late years that come about once a decade.
| Early year 1 in 10 | Typical year 1 in 2 | Late year 1 in 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last frost in spring | February 11 | March 5 | March 24 |
| First frost in fall | November 7 | November 23 | December 18 |
The frost-free season between them runs 265 days in a typical year. In 1 year in 10 it is 295 days or longer, and in 1 year in 10 it is 238 days or shorter.
- Hard freeze (28°F): typically last on February 21 and first on December 12. It is a harder freeze than the 32°F frost line, cold enough to damage many garden plants; how hardy a crop is decides whether it comes through. (The National Weather Service's own hard-freeze threshold varies from office to office.)
- Frost possible (36°F at the station): typically last on March 20 and first on November 12. On clear, still nights the ground can be several degrees colder than the thermometer, so frost can form on plants when the official reading is in the mid-30s.
In 8 springs out of 10, the last frost in Columbus comes between February 11 and March 24, a window of 41 days. That is wider than at most NOAA stations (the typical window is 31 days), so spring here is less predictable than average: lean toward the later date.
Among Georgia's 122 NOAA stations with a frost every year, 91 percent have their typical last frost later than Columbus does.
Planting calendar for Columbus
These dates count from the typical last and first frosts, using the planting rules published by Colorado State University Extension (spring), Virginia Cooperative Extension (fall crops) and University of Minnesota Extension (garlic, where winters are hard). Weather in any one year can run early or late, so check the forecast before you plant tender crops.
We don't give a garlic date here. The rule we use, from the University of Minnesota Extension, counts from the first killing frost, and it works where a hard freeze comes every year before the ground freezes. Your county's extension office can tell you when to plant garlic in your climate.
| When | What to do | Why then |
|---|---|---|
| January | ||
| January 1 to 29 | Cauliflower Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| January 15 to February 5 | Eggplant Start seeds indoors | 6 to 9 weeks before planting out |
| January 22 to February 5 | Peppers Start seeds indoors | 6 to 8 weeks before planting out |
| January 29 to February 12 | Tomatoes Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| February | ||
| February 5 to 19 | Peas, spinach, lettuce, radishes, onion sets, turnips Sow outdoors, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| February 5 to 19 | Broccoli and cabbage Plant out, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| February 19 to March 5 | Beets, carrots, potatoes, Swiss chard Plant outdoors, as early as | semi-hardy crops: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| February 19 to March 5 | Cauliflower Plant out, as early as | semi-hardy: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| March | ||
| March 5 | Snap beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, summer squash Sow outdoors around | tender crops: around the typical last frost date |
| March 19 | Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant Plant out from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| March 19 | Melons, winter squash, pumpkins, lima beans Sow outdoors from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| June | ||
| June 28 to July 12 | Cabbage for fall Start seeds | set the plants out by August 16 |
| July | ||
| July 18 to August 1 | Broccoli for fall Start seeds | set the plants out by September 5 |
| August | ||
| August 27 | Snap beans for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| August 31 | Carrots for fall Last date to sow | 70 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September | ||
| September 1 | Cucumbers for fall Last date to sow | 55 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| September 5 | Peas for fall Last date to sow | 65 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September 6 | Summer squash for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| September 10 | Leaf lettuce and beets for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September 20 | Turnips and kohlrabi for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September 30 | Spinach for fall Last date to sow | 40 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| October | ||
| October 10 | Radishes for fall Last date to sow | 30 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| November | ||
| November 7 | Tomatoes, peppers, squash, melons, cucumbers Watch the forecast from | in 1 fall in 10 the first frost comes by this date; pick tender crops before a frost |
| December | ||
| December 18 to January 15 | Broccoli and cabbage Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting them out |
Want more insurance? Shift every spring date 19 days later. That plans around March 24, the date after which only 1 spring in 10 has a frost.
For spring bulbs such as tulips and daffodils, plant once the soil has cooled to about 50 to 55°F and keep going until a couple of weeks before the ground freezes. Our guide to fall planting explains how to tell.
Where these numbers come from
These dates come from NOAA's weather station Columbus Metro Airport (station USW00093842), 4 miles from the center of Columbus. It sits at about the same elevation, 390 feet above sea level. NOAA rates this station's record as standard: at least 24 of the 30 years, with gaps filled from nearby stations.
Our ZIP code lookup matches these 7 ZIP codes to the same station, so they get the same dates: 31901, 31903, 31905, 31906, 31907, 36869, 36875. Hardiness zones are worked out separately for each ZIP code.
The nearest other places with pages
- Macon, Georgia: last frost around March 21, first frost around November 10 (70 miles away)
- South Fulton, Georgia: last frost around March 15, first frost around November 20 (80 miles away)
- Montgomery, Alabama: last frost around March 13, first frost around November 13 (80 miles away)
See frost dates across Georgia, or look up your own ZIP code for the station nearest you. Want the background? Read what a last frost date really means.