Frost dates for Vallejo, California
In Vallejo, half of springs have had their last frost by March 5 (and 1 spring in 10 still has one after April 16), and half of falls have had their first frost by November 21, leaving about 256 frost-free days in a typical year. Here is how sure those dates are, what they mean for planting, and where they come from.
Frost dates for
Vallejo, California
Last spring frost
March 5
Half of springs have their last frost by this date. For a safer bet, wait until April 16: only 1 spring in 10 has a frost after that.
First fall frost
November 21
Half of falls have their first frost by this date. In 1 fall in 10 it comes by November 3.
Growing season
256 days
Frost-free days in a typical year. 9 years in 10 get at least 212.
Hardiness zone
9b
2023 USDA map: the coldest night of winter averages 25°F to 30°F. It was 9b on the 2012 map too. All 8 ZIP codes within about 6 miles of the city's center are in zone 9b.
Stations near you disagree. NOAA's Napa Co Airport (7 miles away, at 10 feet above sea level), the one we used, gives a typical last frost of March 5 and a typical first frost of November 21. NOAA's Vallejo (4 miles away, at 340 feet above sea level) gives a typical last frost of January 17 and a typical first frost of December 27. So the typical last frost could fall anywhere from January 17 to March 5 and the typical first frost from November 21 to December 27, depending on whether your garden is more like one or the other. Local terrain matters: hillsides, valley floors, water and city heat can change frost dates a lot over a few miles. Treat the dates here as a starting point, and compare with a nearby gardener or your county extension office.
Print a year planner for Vallejo
Frost risk through the year
How sure are these dates?
A frost date is a probability, not a promise. NOAA worked out, from 30 years of nightly lows, how often the last spring frost and the first fall frost fall on each date. The middle column is the typical year. The outer columns are the early and late years that come about once a decade.
| Early year 1 in 10 | Typical year 1 in 2 | Late year 1 in 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last frost in spring | January 26 | March 5 | April 16 |
| First frost in fall | November 3 | November 21 | December 13 |
The frost-free season between them runs 256 days in a typical year. In 1 year in 10 it is 305 days or longer, and in 1 year in 10 it is 212 days or shorter.
- Hard freeze (28°F): about 92 years in 100 have one. In those years the last typically comes on January 23 and the first on December 5. It is a harder freeze than the 32°F frost line, cold enough to damage many garden plants; how hardy a crop is decides whether it comes through. (The National Weather Service's own hard-freeze threshold varies from office to office.)
- Frost possible (36°F at the station): typically last on April 17 and first on November 4. On clear, still nights the ground can be several degrees colder than the thermometer, so frost can form on plants when the official reading is in the mid-30s.
In 8 springs out of 10, the last frost in Vallejo comes between January 26 and April 16, a window of 80 days. That is wider than at most NOAA stations (the typical window is 31 days), so spring here is less predictable than average: lean toward the later date.
Among California's 169 NOAA stations with a frost every year, 74 percent have their typical last frost later than Vallejo does.
Planting calendar for Vallejo
These dates count from the typical last and first frosts, using the planting rules published by Colorado State University Extension (spring), Virginia Cooperative Extension (fall crops) and University of Minnesota Extension (garlic, where winters are hard). Weather in any one year can run early or late, so check the forecast before you plant tender crops.
We don't give a garlic date here. The rule we use, from the University of Minnesota Extension, counts from the first killing frost, and it works where a hard freeze comes every year before the ground freezes. Your county's extension office can tell you when to plant garlic in your climate.
| When | What to do | Why then |
|---|---|---|
| January | ||
| January 1 to 29 | Cauliflower Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| January 15 to February 5 | Eggplant Start seeds indoors | 6 to 9 weeks before planting out |
| January 22 to February 5 | Peppers Start seeds indoors | 6 to 8 weeks before planting out |
| January 29 to February 12 | Tomatoes Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting out |
| February | ||
| February 5 to 19 | Peas, spinach, lettuce, radishes, onion sets, turnips Sow outdoors, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| February 5 to 19 | Broccoli and cabbage Plant out, as early as | hardy crops: 2 to 4 weeks before the typical last frost |
| February 19 to March 5 | Beets, carrots, potatoes, Swiss chard Plant outdoors, as early as | semi-hardy crops: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| February 19 to March 5 | Cauliflower Plant out, as early as | semi-hardy: up to 2 weeks before the typical last frost |
| March | ||
| March 5 | Snap beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, summer squash Sow outdoors around | tender crops: around the typical last frost date |
| March 19 | Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant Plant out from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| March 19 | Melons, winter squash, pumpkins, lima beans Sow outdoors from | very tender: 2 weeks or more after the typical last frost |
| June | ||
| June 26 to July 10 | Cabbage for fall Start seeds | set the plants out by August 14 |
| July | ||
| July 16 to 30 | Broccoli for fall Start seeds | set the plants out by September 3 |
| August | ||
| August 25 | Snap beans for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| August 29 | Carrots for fall Last date to sow | 70 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| August 30 | Cucumbers for fall Last date to sow | 55 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| September | ||
| September 3 | Peas for fall Last date to sow | 65 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September 4 | Summer squash for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth, plus 2 weeks because frost kills it |
| September 8 | Leaf lettuce and beets for fall Last date to sow | 60 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September 18 | Turnips and kohlrabi for fall Last date to sow | 50 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| September 28 | Spinach for fall Last date to sow | 40 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| October | ||
| October 8 | Radishes for fall Last date to sow | 30 days to harvest, plus 2 weeks for slower fall growth |
| November | ||
| November 3 | Tomatoes, peppers, squash, melons, cucumbers Watch the forecast from | in 1 fall in 10 the first frost comes by this date; pick tender crops before a frost |
| December | ||
| December 18 to January 15 | Broccoli and cabbage Start seeds indoors | 5 to 7 weeks before planting them out |
Want more insurance? Shift every spring date 42 days later. That plans around April 16, the date after which only 1 spring in 10 has a frost.
For spring bulbs such as tulips and daffodils, plant once the soil has cooled to about 50 to 55°F and keep going until a couple of weeks before the ground freezes. Our guide to fall planting explains how to tell.
Where these numbers come from
These dates come from NOAA's weather station Napa Co Airport (station USW00093227), 7 miles from the center of Vallejo. It sits at about the same elevation, 10 feet above sea level. NOAA rates this station's record as representative: at least 10 of the 30 years, with the gaps filled from nearby stations.
The same station also gives the frost dates for Napa, American Canyon and Pinole.
Our ZIP code lookup matches these 6 ZIP codes to the same station, so they get the same dates: 94503, 94559, 94589, 94590, 94591, 94592. Hardiness zones are worked out separately for each ZIP code.
Nearby places
- Richmond, California: frost not every year (10 miles away)
- Fairfield, California: frost not every year (15 miles away)
- Concord, California: frost not every year (15 miles away)
See frost dates across California, or look up your own ZIP code for the station nearest you. Want the background? Read what a last frost date really means.